This term, was written in 1942 by Hyman first, but was introduced to the statement of a small group of book An Outline of Social Psychology(1948) by his Muzatafer Sherif. He used this term against the term membership group here. Affiliation population refers to a group that individual is a member clearly. In contrast, reference population refers to a population that affect the behavior of individuals.
Of course, There are possibility when the population of the two matches, affiliation of individuals was also a reference group. However, it is necessary to indicate the fact that standards and norms that govern the behavior of individuals, it is also the standard norms of the population that are not easily participate in that one want to belong. Things like this, often appear in the case of people with high social mobility. Then, when referring formation of attitudes, and adaptive, the term is often used to refer to a population of its reference.
There are two types of the reference group. (1) Comparative reference group, and is used when it is used to compare themselves with others, will be described relative deprivation feeling. (2) normative reference group, and means to act as the basis for an individual. This is used in the symbolic interaction theory, particularly Shibutani defined as imaginative aggregate or fact, which has been assumed by in actors mind. It plays an important role in the process of attitude formation.
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