Introductioin to Sociology_Socialization

Summary
Socialization is very basic concept to people who learn sociology, and it has very big effect of human's life and has much meaning not only in sociologist, in every people. people who lack of this in childhood, it works very badly his lifetime. There are many experiments about this, like 'Socialization and Social Class', 'Socialization and Death Preparation', 'Do College Preparation Classes Make a Difference?'. And it has many definition by people. it has three goals, first is to impulse control and the development of a conscience, second is role preparation and performance, including occupational roles, gender roles, and roles in institutions such as marriage and parenthood, and last is the cultivation of sources of meaning, or what is important, valued, and to be lived for. Amett distinguished it between broad and narrow socialization. Broad socializtion is intended to promote independence, individualism, and self-expression; it is dubbed broad because this type of socialization has the potential of resulting in a broad range of outcomes. And narrow socializtion is intended to promote obedience and conformity; it is dubbed narrow because there is a narrow range of outcomes. But Arnett notes two examples where his distinction is relevant.

Opinion
I agree with the experiment of 'Socialization and Death Preparation' . because I have seen lots of programs of people who have good health and longevity, they not always have lots of people around, but always have person who have time with them very long.

Question
I think socialization is very similar with his personality. Do studies of socializtion have practical value? 

Introduction to Sociology/Politics

Summary
Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions.  It consists of social relations involving authority or power, the regulation of political units, and the methods and tactics used to formulate and apply social policy. Political power is a type of power held by a group in a society which allows that group to administrate the distribution of public resources, including labor, and wealth. In government, authority is often used interchangeably with the term "power". However, their meanings differ. Authority refers to a claim of legitimacy, the justification and right to exercise power. the fact that the government has authority gives it the right to use power to force citizens to do what the government deems appropriate. There are many types of governments and there are Monarchy, Democracy, Totalitarianism, Oligarchy, Communist State, Theocracy.

Opinion
I have thought that there is only two types of governments, democracy and cummunist State. So I was shocked to know that there is so many types of types of governments and countries.

Question
 It can have nothing with politics, but there is story of voting. so I wonder if candidates publicize on online? I think I haven't seen it, it can be problem? 

Introduduction to Sociology_Economy

History

The ancient economy was mainly based on subsistence farming. For most people the exchange of goods occurred through social relationships. There were also traders who bartered in the marketplaces.They developed the first known codified legal and administrative systems, complete with courts, jails, and government records.Several centuries after the invention of cuneiform, the use of writing expanded beyond debt/payment certificates and inventory lists to be applied for the first time, about 2600 BC, to messages and mail delivery, history, legend, mathematics, and astronomical records.In Medieval times, what we now call economy was not far from the subsistence level. Most exchange occurred within social groups.
The European captures became branches of the European states, the so-called "colonies". The rising nation-states Spain, Portugal, France, Great Britain, and the Netherlands tried to control the trade through custom duties and taxes in order to protect their national economy. Mercantilism was a first approach to intermediate between private wealth and public interest.
The first economist in the true meaning of the word was the Scotsman Adam Smith (1723-1790). He defined the elements of a national economy: products are offered at a natural price generated by the use of competition - supply and demand - and the division of labour.

Opinion
I was interested to read about history of economy and capitalism. and how it works was also interesting. But I want to know more about socialism.

Question
I think GDP can show about people's material happiness but can't show about people's spirital hapiness. People who earn lots of money can be a unhappy people. 

Introduction to Sociology/Culture

Summary
The culture's range is from micro to global. And they also can be divided high and low, old and new.
The concept of culture also has been detailed more and more. The culture is artificial because it is from people, but is also natural because it cannot be forced to be. The culture can be divided to Subcultures and Countercultures but they commonly inspire sentiments of unity and mutual support. There is lots of theories of culture, Ritzer explained it with 4 elements. (macro-objective, micro-objective, marco-subjective, micro-subjective)

Expression
I think sociology in culture has lots of point of contract with anthropology. I think because culture is from human being's genic elements. And I think Ethnocentrism is bad because we are living in world giving and taking cultures with every countries. we need to have open mind.

Question
I really wonder if culture is word only in human beings. I think animal's actions can be culture too.
But actually they can't to be divied like 'old and new' and maynot have 'culture' 's characteristic and history.  
  

Introduction to sociology/Sociological methods

Summary
There were almost only math and science in the past. As they develop, there was try to record people's action in math with science, and it became a sociology. Sociology is very huge because it's area is unlimit but inside, sociologists have to be carefully because sociology has its rule about 4 stages and there is something that relates with ethics.

Impression
I thought sociologists are just analyze informations, but now I know that there is complex stages and experiments. And that if sociologist's personal belief is different, there is also different in result is interesting.

Question
Exceptional case makes sociologist's conclusion useless. But I think information in sociology is so huge that there must be exceptional case. What is negligible exception?