End of Lecture - Interesting Course

I think this lecture is so useful to me overall about learn sociology.
I didn' t have any detail knowledge about basic sociology. So I bring many help about this lecture.
Among them, I think 'operational definition' part is very useful to me. I learned that in high school. But I didn' t learn detail about operational definition. So I get many knowledge about that. And I think operational definition is very important part about learn sociology. It is start of sociology. And operational definition also suggests a descriptive test.

And best part of lecture is stratification part and gender. We learn stratification divided many part. So it is very useful easy to understand. And gender part, helped me to change the prejudice on gender many people have, including me.

[Extra] Environment in Human

Environment in Human

We often to think rightly so, that they are destroying the environment is human,. However, it is also true that sometimes, the environment and the earth becomes destroyer. I give a big damage to vast areas earthquakes, hurricanes, drought, of the earth. However, in extreme scale much less, nature has proved to us that stronger we always it.

For example, if you cut down trees, we build houses, offices, apartments, buildings, roads, sidewalks. Then, of landscape as we would be perfect we, they only do we need, I plant other trees. Over the years, slowly, back is barely noticeable trees - to grow, the roots will grow deeply, suddenly, a nice road or trail of us get a crack in them. I think we are strong, but the trees they are strong.

To come to a nice build our environment, you can destroy them, These little critters live is a matter of course, the world of little creatures Another example of a demonstrated natural forces to either when very uncomfortable they is, the insect is much stronger than any human,. Termites can destroy a house completely, life can be disastrous invasion of ants in the food of us. In fact, cockroaches in the cupboard we have the ancestor millions and back several million years. We, perhaps, how can you expect to control them? In short, that the insect is stronger than human beings is clear.

But, at the microscopic level, forms of environment remains. Scientists of our body and we have developed a way to fight bacteria and viruses of many that cause death or serous disease. In spite of this, it is still the treatment of common cold. We have to develop vaccines and antibiotics to protect us from bacteria and many viruses, but it can become resistant to our attempts they change, to destroy them. In other words, they are stronger than we often.

[Extra] Color' s Effect

Color' s Effect

Most people believe that colors can only affect us when we see them.

But, Kurt Goldstein, a popular German doctor, found that a blindfolded person experiences physiological reactions when exposed to the light of different colors. In other words, by sensing the color, emotion and response body, and mind, our skin. Just how this happen? When you enter through the skin and eyes, light stimulates the brain gland that controls the rhythm of daily life. different colors give off a frequency of different wavelengths, they have a variety of effects to us. Marketer takes advantage of these effects in a variety of ways. For example, it is possible to stimulate the appetite at the level of the long-wavelength unconscious is known, employees of fast food chain that many successful, please wear a uniform in color yellow, orange, red.

[Extra] Digital Divide

Digital Divide

Information gap, which means the imbalance between the layers digital economy sings phenomenon economic, social differences are serious between the person who is not otherwise a person who is with "information access" and "information use" In pointing to the words, the concept has been organized in the United States in the mid-1990s.

The "information use", "information access" as the environment to create new added value to acquire the necessary information through information technology, process, processes, conditions that can access the new information technology means.

Information These disparities have become increasingly serious income, education, by region. The children of a middle-class family or more, while being exposed to the Internet environment, in the home of low-income, opportunity to learn the Internet is because missing.

By the information society is sophisticated, in the control of information and knowledge, between developing countries and developed countries, disparities of alienation hierarchy between the mainstream of society are earning further, overemphasis phenomenon of power show likely to intensify rather have.

In order to solve this problem, the government is required effort. It should inform how to access the information in alienation hierarchy.

[Extra] Mental Illness

Mental Illness

Social scientists for a long time, have attempted to define the phenomenon branded with mental illness. There was also a provocative theory some appear but, like any common understanding did not even developed mental illness some about what realistic. For mental illness as defined is not a suitable subject of sociological inquiry by the psychiatrist who, I have agreed to gradually. Instead, society scholars, are interested in how what action is defined as a mental illness stigma official person for the act by (psychiatrist).

From the viewpoint of was named "status of spirit or more", Goffman depicts the behavior of the previous patient. Seen to mean the course of action that seems to be the position, and socially appropriate and personal. The way the way, become so start a conversation familiar suddenly strangers became an abnormal behavior, is going to be receptive to the actions that disease mentally. According to Goffman, saw stigmatized mental illness, and to destroy the standard of behavior that many respect for others.

The study of Goffman, you have presented an outline of future studies most productive. It is necessary to look at the problem why people would it take to mental illness, the society in which they live, sociologist, consider whether're showing us the reaction social some of these acts there is a need.

[Extra] Synopticon

Synopticon

Philosopher Bentham in the UK, presented the concept of the panopticon system to monitor all in one. In addition, the philosopher Michel Foucault in France, was the panopticon metaphor to modern capitalist society in the "Monitoring and punishment" book. There is a watchtower in the middle Panopticon, bright cell in the form of solitary confinement of prisoners surround around its circumference, the prisoners' s structure that can not see the guards and dark watchtower. Therefore, I do not know whether there are guards of watchtowers, and the prisoners will be controlled by yourself to it accordingly.

Applying this principle, it was the "Panopticon system. On the other hand, is Shinopukon, Foucault, open cyber world as that goes one step further from this panopticon power who" to monitor the thousands of people modern capitalist society, not a one-sided monitoring, era that can be cross-monitoring that he appeared. 

In other words, the development of the Internet, such as by active civic movement, at the turn of the information society, modern society has changed in Synopticon monitoring unilateral basis a panopticon. That is, what is not a system that dominated the media and the power of a handful as in the past, controls the dozen civilians, monitor the authorities that the general public also to monitor themselves, that control.

[Extra] Nursery

Nursery

Nursery is facility for child care based on entrustment of parents of preschool children of less than 6 years old in the educational institutions of the lowest for infants.

Nursery whereas receive guidance and supervision of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, nursery, receive guidance and supervision of Health and Welfare Child Care Policy Bureau. Rather than as an educational institution, it is a part of the social services, have received financial support from a little Health and Welfare. It has the main objective the protection function of the function of pre-school education, and to protect the custody of the children and women of occupational low-income, you are teaching. Most nursery has been operating full-time 9:00 to 17:00, but is operated admixture and half-time.

I wonder whether there is a nursery school in a foreign country also.

News Way(Source)

[Extra] Alternative School

Alternative School

Definition
-> Alternative school is a school other than the school education of traditional made ​​to operate a program autonomous learner-centered that you want to complement the problems of school education and alternative school.

Alternate education is an attempt to recognize the limits of the system of education, constitutes a social alternative beyond it, trying to find new education. Alternative school that is observed academic achievement of full alternative school in less commonly, but is an important issue is whether the Education certification to an alternative school. As a result, the conditions and characteristics of the school, so very different, first of all, it can be distinguished by being divided into school of non-approved type and the type of school or for us to recognize the educational background.

Rather than as a complement to public education simply, alternative school has been laid as part of an effort to overcome actively problems and contradictions public education faced the alternative school that over the past decade, have been spread largely on our society so that it is possible to evaluate its significance was. However, at the same time are having a problem with the experimental effort to get out at school traditional education, that operates a school education and stable more systematic.

[Extra] Public Opinion

Public Opinion

Opinion in common that it is recognized in general, in the opinion of some for individuals and society, and has received the support of several people. It is called Theron, also public opinion.

Public is in combination with the development of the salon cafes and public areas in Europe, the term opinion developed as a public concept, from the early 20th century, public was established as a public opinion concept such as the following. In other words, it is the opinion collective public in the whole of opinion about the issue with the understanding of the public and public opinion, for the policy of the government, through the discussion rational, it is the definition that affect in accordance with the rules of democracy .

At the stage of organized collective of public opinion, information power of some other, collective power are intertwined in a complex. The creation process of its position by (such as interest groups and political parties) groups and organizations to support the public opinion of the specific process of impact of the distribution of the opinion of a small group within the vicinity of each individual, was mediated by the mass media process of public opinion coverage to interact.

[Extra] Criticism of Functionalism

Criticism of functionalism 

Definition

Structural functionalism , or simply functionalism , is a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. 

Criticism

Functionalism received a lot of criticism. It focused too much on the agreement with the order, and the conflict of some, such as the conflict over the social kind, for example, we want to live, but functional, functionalism that allow only conflict gradually criticism was raised. Functionalism put more emphasis on balance actually. As well as repeating the people walking loses balance constantly, but regain, society must change while still maintaining the one according to the balance of power. Not the same, social unchanged static, that is the static stability and is easy to lose balance in the face sudden problem underlying the life.

[Extra] Judith Butler' s Gender Trouble

Gender Trouble

Judith Butler was published in 1990 (1956 -) of the "gender trouble", while still adhering to the perspective of feminism, the question of how the conventional point out the limits of radical feminism, to define the feminine identity it is this that is raised and established a new queer theory. Teresa de Lauretis who made ​​to appear in the foreground of gender discourse the concept of queer is - (1938). Historically, a material with gay sexuality lesbian, while arouse particularity and concreteness of cultural conditions, De Lauretis's adopted this concept, because it exceeds the difference, to achieve the political coalition is.

1 Chapter 1. Subjects of Sex/Gender/Desire
2 Chapter 2. Prohibition, Psychoanalysis, and the Production of the Heterosexual Matrix
3 Chapter 3. Subversive Bodily Acts
4 Conclusion: From Parody to Politics

The "Gender Trouble", seems to be in deep book in general. 

However, to investigate this, my interest has occurred. I want to touch if you have a chance.

[Extra] Feminist

Feminist

Feminism is a collection of movements and ideologies aimed at defining, defending and the intention of establishing a state of equal political, economic, cultural, and social rights for women. This includes seeking to establish equal opportunities for women in education and employment. A feminist advocates or supports the rights and equality of women. Since the late nineteenth century some feminists have allied with socialism, whereas others have criticized socialist ideology for being insufficiently concerned about women's rights.

Korea' s Feminism

Feminism in Korea, appeared since the 1920s. Feminism of these appeared in various forms, such as feminism liberal feminism, socialist feminism, Christian. Socialist feminists and feminists of liberalism, criticized the institution of marriage and chastity, chastity theory but, liberal feminists whereas claimed freedom of marriage, freedom of love, sexual freedom in this, socialist feminists argued that the release home, in chastity. Currently, women and Family also or may be classified as feminist group, which he began in appearance to pursue a female chauvinism not the equality of man and woman.

[Extra] Masscom

Masscom

Stands for mass communication in the sense of mass. It transfers the mental attitude of interpersonal relationships and social phenomenon through the mass media in order to operate in certain actions the masses, refers to activities that will change in the intended direction of secretly its ideology and social attitudes. Be done intentionally to this advertising, the mass media, TV, radio, newspapers and the like are important, visual design also has its role.

The Process of Masscom

① sender (media companies and sponsors, etc.) 
② message (send articles, programs, etc.) 
③ media (radio, television, film, print, etc.) 
④ the recipient (the public) to establish the four elements. Also look at the receiver side, accepting the content (how to understand the message), and the reaction (the reaction of the spot), communication effectiveness (over the long-term social and psychological effects)

[Extra] Caste

Caste

Role in the lives of Indians for thousands of years, the discipline of the current law on abolition of the caste system has been modernized and is being gradually weakened the influence of education. However, many Indians still a significant impact on the daily lives of social practices exist. 

The Indian caste system has conquered the Aryan minority dominated ranks of the ruling class is intended to prevent the assimilation from the known. Depending on color, or job class of monks brahman, ruling class of soldiers ksatriya, vaisya and untouchable caste of merchant class which is largely divided into sudra, the inside will be back many subcaste. Has the lowest rank of the untouchable.

The first has a very strict caste system, although not the resulting flow, with a long history of the marriage permit, and many other castes and social norms of hardened with taboo. Under the strict caste system is part of his caste Indians are required to comply with the act was the norm.

[Extra] Food Mileage

Food Mileage

The food mileage, it is a moving distance where the food has been produced, to go up on the tables of consumers. The concept of food miles, consumer activists 'Chimuren' in the UK was used for the first time in 1994. In situations where dependence on foreign supply of agricultural products is growing, such as greenhouse gas emissions safety of imported agricultural products, freshness, to the mobile has emerged in the new interest of consumer, agricultural products produced as close as possible recently, claim food safety is high can consume, and to reduce the environmental pollution caused by the transport is spreading around the environmental groups and European consumers.

Korea's Food mileage is increasingly growing. 
Japan, the UK, France, all food mileage is less than 2003, but the country continues to increase food mileage Koreans appeared to be a dining table that you might have taken out food imports.

[Extra] Social Welfare Administration

social welfare administration

Social welfare administration is used in the sense of some of the other management management in compound words and administrative social welfare, management, and operation. Social welfare administration is a function that is required by groups and organizations. If you look at the development process of social welfare administration, the one, the one that developed as facility management theory on the basis of management theory general, government is bloated, and another, affect the field of social welfare, It is has been led state responsibility for security of the right to life of the people increases, welfare administration by the State is to be strengthened.
The electronic, control administration and facilities social services agency has become a main thing that was developed in the 1910s, as a way of so-called social work, also, be used in connection with the training of social entrepreneurs, and training. Social various services related to assistance of subjects are diverse, by to have relation with the administration of national and local governments, the latter has been used in the broad concepts of social welfare administration that has a broader meaning.
In any case, it is also used to refer to activities as a whole social welfare organizations, institutions (social welfare facilities Organization) Administrative in the social welfare field, but in general, the organizations and institutions and the associated social welfare can be understood as an approach in order to promote effective and efficient process to achieve the purpose and the choice of methods and means to achieve the object has. Social welfare institutions. The social welfare facilities, what do to the treatment of facility residents, for the management of treatment practice of social welfare, management becomes the important issue, it may be distinguished from the general government, especially in the organization.

[Extra] Maternity Leave

Maternity Leave

maternity leave is after the birth or growth of antenatal health to ensure safe maternal leave period and is offered to pregnant women. Maternity leave for a variety of organizations that employ a wide range of policies to be carried out. Some months maternity leave when the normal salary, to give recognition to reinstatement after leave. On the other hand, some of the pay grade for a leave of absence does not admit of only a few days 'sick leave' only admits. Most of the social workers do not recognize the maternity leave is discrimination against women and, this is the future of the country depends on well-being is to encourage sound reproduction that does not acknowledge the long maternity leave policies for national and social common argued.

I think society need a maternity leave. Maternity leave is further increasing the quality of life of women can afford. Enables to enhance business productivity and I think that also.

[Extra] Marriage

Young men and women they become husband and wife marriage. However, even in the cooperative role of both, or are separated, as it forms a social unit of a certain relationship of two people, in the form of general social sexual division of labor appear. However, it was pointed out affair is to be strictly applied to women more commonly feminists, but requires purity if unless tied a sexual relationship only with partners who are married.

Marriage in the United States and Europe most countries is a love marriage that follows the ideology of romantic love to get married in engagement fell in love women and men to meet. Combination of men and women is carried out by the parent in the arranged marriage of Hindu and Islam. Rather than marry the relationships between individuals, which may be a relationship between the house. However, this does not exclude the love.

[Extra] Ethnocentrism

Ethnocentrism

Is an attitude that is lacking in the superiority of their culture, to assess negatively the other cultures.
William G. Sumner created the term "ethnocentrism" upon observing the tendency for people to differentiate between the in-group and others. The character culture-centric, there is be a means of social integration and the formation of the stagnation of the nation, but fallen into chauvinism ethnic, religious to be a little, to induce conflict of racial and ethnic it is possible there is a risk, leading to international isolation.
Anthropologists such as Franz Boas and Bronislaw Malinowski argued that any human science had to transcend the ethnocentrism of the scientist

Cultural worship of the powerful to the contrary, in the attitude of humility or look down on their culture of the rest of or longing to best, are revered, a particular culture is that it inhibits the development of character culture and character culture-centric it can not be viewed as the attitude of cultural understanding in the correct point.

[Extra] History of World Cup and Now

History of World Cup and Now

Since the second World Cup in 1934 , qualifying tournaments have been held to thin the field for the final tournament.
The qualification process can start as early as almost three years before the final tournament and last over a two-year period.
The current final tournament features 32 national teams competing over a month in the host nation.

The World Cup was first televised in 1954 and is now the most widely viewed and followed sporting event in the world, exceeding even the Olympic Games .

Currently, the World Cup, shows the cultural revolution of Korea.
Street support in 2002 was the the beginning of the revolution.
In spite of the early time in the World Cup this time, Koreans, still have a support.
Currently, Korea is ahead of the game in Belgium, and Algeria.