Race and Ethnicity
Populations were classified biologically humanity.
The classified on the basis of genetic differences. Of the humanity of all, most are classified as geographically (geographical) Ethnicity nine. Competitive geographic are those that were classified according to the geographical areas of several continents. It is as follows, competition geographical nine showed a region of historic origin in parentheses. (North America, South America, Central (sub-Saharan), Indian (East Asia, Southeast Asia, Central Asia), African (Europe, Middle East, North Africa), Asian (Indian subcontinent ), American Indian Europe indigenous people (Australia), Polynesian, Micronesian, Melanesian America), Australian.
Among racial geographical most, there is a small force called the regional competition. Regional competition are distinguished through the influence of factors such as social customs and religious customs, and geography and population density. There is a small group called the ethnic minorities in the regional competition. However, with respect to development and racial origin of some species, such as the Ainu of Japan, it is not yet known. If on the grounds of non-(non) genetic and attempts to distinguish race, several problems arise. The competition was, in environmental adaptation, there may be a difference in out clearly the other races, on the other hand, and individuals belonging to the same ethnic group, if the difference is greatly to each other in many cases.
In addition, changes over a long period competition. (→ index: population genetics) The physical characteristics that can be seen by racial differences, it is possible to improve the color and blood type and fingerprint of the hair, hair weight, body size, skin color, hair. It means that through the process of evolution by natural selection, a feature so that it can be adapted to most of the human environment is long-lasting. Thus, ethnic characteristic of most, that there is waste in order to adapt to the conditions and climatic race affected regions was demonstrated. For example Gyomuhyon cell anemia is a disease that African-consuming mainly, but when applied to this disease, it is not applied to malaria is endemic in humid areas because of the heat of Africa. You can fragmented, elongated nose Arabs living in the desert makes me more wet air dry when you breathtaking than the flat nose. It is possible to use the law of Allen 's law only Berg, to know clearly how two human physiology to adapt to environmental conditions. According to the law of only Berg, in hot areas, tend to lose weight to a minimum, it will be reduced again the temperature is lowered weight increased to the limit of the predetermined temperature falls. Law of Alan also has a description similar to the law of only Berg about the relationship of climate and body weight.
Ethnic groups today are classified on the basis of genetic characteristics that can be measured accurately, and evaluated. The genetic features that many studies have been made, the difference in blood, the difference in amino acid excretion may be mentioned deficiency genetic. The difference between the individual violently, environmental factors can affect the classification method using the difference of the shape and weight of the head which have been used for a long time, can be scientific evidence is much weaker. In fact through the study medical, that there is a relationship between the defective physical illness race, variety, blood type, essentially revealed. African National Whereas take mainly, generally, Gyomuhyon cell anemia is a disease that European competition will take cystic (囊包resistance) fibrosis. B-type blood is the blood type relatively common in East Asia, India and Africa, but is not seen in between the indigenous people of Australia. Then there is the (back teeth third) wisdom tooth most competitive Asian and European race. However, diseases associated with genetic some, there seems to be directly related to the environment. For example, ethnic groups eat a lot of meat and fish than the food that contains a lot of starch and sugar, diabetes is not a problem. It is possible to in a fluidized state always competition in which the gene is constantly flowing out between the source of the gene (gene pool). Is called (also referred to as the diffusion of gene and different races interwoven) from two or more races this process. There are several reasons why the Half- Blood, but it can be mentioned political turmoil, population pressure, the war. Another cause of new genetic material occurs in the source of the gene is a mutation that occurs in proportion to the degree to which radiation is transmitted to a population of one. Beneficial mutant gene is inherited to the next generation, as time goes by natural selection, the mutant gene, occur more and more often, the number increases.
You can use the isolated, ethnic racial differences is held through the isolation and cultural isolation geographical, an isolated, will be able to maximize adaptation to disease and climate over long periods of time. For example, before Christopher Columbus arrives in America, for a . long time, Native Americans had been so isolated almost completely from the gene source of Europe, African, Asian, there was no immunity of disease in Europe The founder effect and (floating -) genetic drift that appears in the subgroups, it may be in the description of another of genetic differences between races. In the case of ethnic minorities, genetic drift occurs much easier, but genetic drift refers to wandering a genetic variation that uses a random Gyohon (交婚), occur frequently from generation to generation. Therefore, when a large race, when race genes that may disappear is small, it can be fixed. Size grows small competition, the new population for each source of unique gene that reflects the genetic makeup of the founder is born based on isolated a new population of several. Further, genetic features of its own is established by using this phenomenon called founder effect. Founder effect, you can see a particularly remarkable case in Pitcairn Island, but most are descendants of warship Bounty Banranja the British inhabitants of the island.
As part of the process of evolution, several nationalities are killed, there is also a race that another is born. In addition, the source of several genes is completely eliminated, but the source of the gene of another, will spread to new race was born through the Gyohon and immigration. Sometimes a new race occurs suddenly as a result of history, geography, political alliance, military, and economic activity. For example, in the case of the Caribbean, Caribbean Indians form the ethnic group of unique, but .. instead of this population disappears completely, could new race with all the characteristics of the gene of Europe, Asian - African (→ index: culture of the Caribbean) There is no pure competition Currently, all ethnic groups are those that were born from two or more races in all. By promoting new gene-binding, tend to increase the speed of evolution from two or more races. Just a classification by the reference biological competition. Therefore, competition between ethnic groups (Aryan) language group and the like .. (Scottish Jew) must be distinguished strictly If you look historically, if a dispute occurs through contact between races in many cases That racism and racial hostility that you feel in other races. (→ index: racism) Racism, appear most often when the difference of race is very clear as the difference in appearance and language. → minority ethnic, geographic, race, region, race
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