Introduction to Sociology/Social Movements

Social Movements

Summary

Organizational activities and collective to do and change, such as a value system and social structure, in order to solve the social problems of some. 

Social movements, most targeting change and improvement of the social order of the existing, in some cases, there is also a movement of the tendency to or working to maintain the status quo, trying to prevent social change and (→ index: subversive movement) . The social movements, such as the revolution that attempts to change a full range of social order or existing liberation, improvements and exercise to try to change some value system of society is included.

History 

Social movement , has a long history , but in the response to efforts to overcome the social problems that appeared with the development of capitalism , social movement full-scale occurs . In Europe in the 19th century , socialist international movement takes place , in the United States , movement for slavery abolition took place . If you reached the 20th century , along with the fascist movement in Europe , the civil rights movement in the United States , such as the anti-colonial movements in Asia and Africa has been widely deployed . Direction of social movement has changed , such as environmental protection and anti-nuclear movement and women in traditional form with a focus on the labor movement in developed countries recently .

Personality

Social movement is associated with social change internally already . In this case , social group activities and reliable has a structure , norms and values ​​that have been established already done are not included. Social movement is a collective activity or assembly. Individuals who participate in social movement , feel a sense of unity by being bound to people who want to better , and dissatisfaction with the current state of order . Collection of one that has a value that is shared with a common goal , such as the population of one of which is social movement immediately . If there is a value that is shared , social movements , have also certain norms . In order to strengthen the cohesion of movement and symbolically the dedication of the participants in the movement , to distinguish them from other people , norms such defines a first action . One of the characteristics of a social movement is in that it lasts for a relatively long period of time . In addition, it would be a large- scale in general , as well as its duration , the scale just only relatively . The social movement of some , there is also taking part hundreds of thousands of people . However , it occurs only in the region of the secondary specific populations , such as the local community gatherings and religious , what movement is inclusive, only hundreds of people from dozens only .

Kind of social movement

But not in the standard classification only for social movements , but social movements will be classified based on the goals of the little movement . The movement of all , is the purpose , depending on whether the change in the moral values ​​of the individual , or whether a change in the political structure , the character is defined . That is , an attempt to define the nature of the social movements is related to the depth of the social change the direction of its motion is aimed . Improvement movement is slow in this context , while still aspire to change evolutionary , can be seen movement revolutionary , and is aiming to change quick and sudden (→ index : reform movement ) . On the other hand , it is as far as legitimate , social movement , can be classified on the basis of the general nature of the strategy and tactics in an illegal underground movement . In a partitioned typical between the movement of the enemy moderate exercise and radical , it is due to How to identify these . In addition , social movements , it is possible to typify it should resort to violent tactics , but also depending on whether to rely on tactics non-violent . However , in order to interconvert rapidly with the development of the movement , classification of movement non-violent exercise and violent , can be a relative.

The causes and consequences of social movements

Cause

Cause of social movements There are two . First of all , I can social conditions of a specific period of time can affect the social movements . However , only social unrest such as the confusion of a wide range of value and poverty is insufficient . That is, it is believed that because social movements occurs, and may be through collective action , members of society alters society . Second , it is easy that as a state psychological personal , individual experience and divergence sense of alienation , helplessness , despair , and society to participate in society movement (→ index : psychology ) . The main challenge of the people to study the social movements are those that define the condition with the highest occurrence tendency of social movements . According to the general theory of the origin of social movements that Turner , Kirlian has been established , changes in the society , to induce conflict and tension of the main aspects of some of the social order in refining . By changing conditions , norms are fixed is important anymore , tension typical of when you do not want to maintain the value of the water-soluble occur (→ index : teleological ethics ) . In addition , populations such as settlers , ethnic minorities , young generation , generated tensions in the value of time to cause conflict with the established group . Even when there is little change in the value and norms , changes in the structure of society , can cause dissatisfaction of a particular social group . General nature of belief systems existing in the culture of society who also has had a certain influence on the surface with the development of social movements .

Result

In general , individuals who can participate in social movements , which then significantly affected . Participants in social movements , it is possible to get a sense of satisfaction and a sense of unity in a group that shares the values ​​and social goals . In addition , from the viewpoint of society as a whole , social movements , and the role that produced a leadership who have been trained in the social movement . On the other hand , social movements is accompanied by a change in a particular society . The end result of the social movements that attempts to change the social order , and are not intended to be able to analyze only the side surface of the success or failure only. Sometimes the failure of social movement is caused by the ruthless repression , may also be caused by a wide range of antipathy of members of society . However , likely to be successful when you want to have the power to social movements is justified authority of one more than anything is the largest . It is a source of new authority and respect , social movements of the revolution was successful , is defined as anti- revolutionary resistance to it .

On the other hand , is likely to be institutionalized part of the exercise value and social movements who have. By Can you recognize the legitimacy of the value of social movements have , it is to integrate the social value of existing it . For example, by the two major political parties in the United States but does not expand the activities Socialist Party of past or enjoyed victory in the election , trying to overthrow the government , to accommodate to a large extent the policies of the Socialist Party , the existing system the Socialist Party it could be integrated into . The social movements sometimes , by which is converted to a legitimate subject of the new value , may also be institutionalized . As can be seen in the case of the Indian National Congress Party after independence and the labor movement in the United States in the early 20th century , it means that the subject of social movement is transferred to the bureaucratic organization .